Internal-combustion engine



' INTERNAL COMBUSTION 111mm:

Filed Jan. 6. 1928 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 ATTORNEY '50? I560 BY I Oct. 15, 1929. s. B. GOLD 1,731,895

' INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Jan. 6, 1928 2 Sheets-Shoat 2 INVENTOR ATTORNEY whereby 1 be In engines of Patehted "Oct. 15, 1929 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE SAMUEL B. corn, or KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI, Assmnon. To WEBER ENGINE cou- PANY, or KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI, A CORPORATION or IowA INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE Application filed January 6, 1928. Serial No. 244,871.

My invention relates to internal combustion engines of the two cycle type wherein- Another object of the invention is ,to pro-,

vide a simple and eflicient packing means mum, t us preventing loss or dilution. of the fuel charge, resulting in smoother and more economic engine operation without the power losses incident to use of ordinar packing.

In accomplishing these and 0t er objects of the invention 1 have provided improved details of structure, the referred forms of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein:

'Fig. 1 is a vertical sectional view through a bearing side of an engine crank case constructed according to my invention.

Fig. 2 is a horizontal sectional view through the same, part of the bearing cap being illus- 39 trated in plan.

Fig. 3 is a detail perspective view of the packing ring and its retaining springs. Referring in detail to the drawings:

1 designates the crank case of a two cycle internal combustion engine provided with the usual crank shaft 2, carried in bearings 3 at the sides of the crank case, and actuated through a connecting rod 4 by a piston 5 slidable within the cylinder 6, the cylinder being in communication with the crank case so that upon forward movement ofthe piston a charge is drawn into the Crank case and on the return stroke the charge is compressed and M forced into the combustion chamber of the encycle operation.

tion and compression pressuresin the crank case cause a breathing action which tends to alternately suck air from the atmosphere such breathing is reduced to a miniprovided gine as in common practice incidental to two a A A u i shaped member 11 snugly received on the this type the alternate suc and blow the compressed charge through the crank shaft connection with the crank case and consequently, through the? crank shaft bearings, resulting in an inefficient operation of the engine. Furthermore, the continual suction and blowing through the bearings seriously interferes with their proper lubrication, since the lubricating oil is sucked into the crank case or blown out of the bearings, resulting in extravagant waste of the lubricant or a dry bearing from lack of suflicient lubricant.

Heretofore, 'packings have been employed in an attempt to prevent breathing around the crank shaft, but such packings eventually leak dueto uneven expansion of the bearing mem here or from other causes, the leakage always taking place through the crank shaft bearcurrents to flow through the bearing to equalize the differential pressures. I, therefore, provide in the restricted space available, packing structure whereby such breathing and loss of power in the packing vis reduced to a minimum, and so the bearings thatshould leaking take place, the leak does notoccur through the bearing.

In my preferred construction the crank case 1 is provided with side plates 7 bolted to opposite sides of the case, as at 8, and having outwardly tapering shaft openings 9 of somewhat larger diameter than the bearing end of the crank shaft 2 which projects threthrough and is'supported by the bearings 3 as hereinafter described.

By -constructing each side plate of a single unit, an unbroken boss or ring'race 10 ma e on its inner face about the s aft opening which may be machined in a perfect plane to provide sealing contact with packing means now describe The packing means 1 comprises a ringshaft, 2 between therace 10 and the crank arm, 12 of the shaft; and havingel" ground construct between the ring and the bottom of the 1 packing usually furnishes sufiicient lubricais maintained by a packing of felt or -the like 15 retained in an annular groove 16 in the inner periphery of the ring. As above mentioned the ring 11 is adapted for rotation against the race and is driven by a pin projecting laterally from'the crank arm 12 and engaging in a recess 17 formed in the periphery of the ring so that as the crank rotates the ring is carried therewith in wiping contact with the race. The sealing contact of the ring and its race is further supplemented bya split expanding ring 18 received in a peripheral groove 19 formed in the face of the ring and supported in contact with the race by. a spring tension ring. 20 inserted groove. The ring is so constructed that its natural expansion causes it to snugly engage the outer wall 21 of the groove for preventing the passage of oil or breathing under the ring. The ring 18 also obstructs and retains lubricant that is centrifugally driven between theipacking ring and its race for providing a supply of lubricant for the wiping contact of the packing rmg and its race.

Oil mist from the connecting rod lubrication which condenses on the side plates and oil from the hearing which is stopped by the tion for the ring and ordinarily obviates necessity for an additional channel through which lubricant may be supplied.

' By thus sealing the crank shaft openings, an efficient seal is provided, with a minimum power los's'due to' friction, the springs only eing strong enough to maintain the, ring in sealing contact with the race and to overcome vacuum pressures existing in the crank case during the suction cycle, the compression pressure automatically supplementing J action of the springs when pressure exists in the crank case.

- The main bearings" 3 are so designed and positioned externally of the crank case as to provide quick and easy removal for inspection and arepreferably of the two piece type comprising upper and lower halves 22 y and 23.

The lower half 23 of the bearing is prefer-' ably integral with the side plates and comprises a semi-cylindrical flange 24 projecting from the outer face of the plate in line with the opening 9, and enclosed .by a jacket 25 spaced from the flange to provide an oil sump 26 for receiving and retaining'a supply of lubricant below the flange 24 as hereinafter described.

The flange 24 and the jacket 25 are integrally-connected by lateral extending side wings 27 and 28 forming a seat for a bearing cap 29 comprising the upper half of the bearing and which is, attached thereto in the usual manner by the bolts 30. The cap portion 29 is so constructed and positioned upon the lower portion of the bearing that an arcuate shaped air port 31 is provided between the hearing cap and the side plate 7 to provide open communication of the annular space formed by the plate opening 9 with the atmosphere and relieve the bearing from influence of diflerential pressures leaking from the crank case past the packing. The bearing flange 24 and the cap 29 are preferably provided with renewable liners 32 and 33 secured therein by flanges 34 and 35 formed on the backs of the liners and received in complementary gro0ves'36 and 37' respectively so that when the bearing cap is secured, in position on its seat, the liners are securely held in functional position. A In order to insure proper lubrication for the bearing I prefer to provide a dual lubrication comprising a positive lubricant feed of fresh lubricant and for the return of the lubricant by ring oilers as now described.

,The bearing cap is provided substantially centrally thereof and in line'with a slot 38 cut in the upper bearing liner 32 with an oil port 39 to which is connected a supply pipe 40 from a sight feed lubricator or like device so that oil is fed onto the shaft through the slot 38 from which it drains into the sump 26 and is recirculated over the hearing by an oiling ring 41 received in the slot and bearing in wiping contact with the shaft as at 42, the ring extending into the sump through openings 43 and 44 in the lateral wings 27 and 28 on opposite sides of the shaft so that oil from the sump is picked up by the ring and returned to the shaft due to floating rotation of the ring caused by wiping contact thereof with the shaft.

able in the groove is a baflle ring 47 loosely mounted on the shaft and idly rotatable therewith so that oil traveling on the shaft is stopped thereby and directed into the sump.

Oil from the opposite end of the bearing is returned to the sump through a downwardly inclined. port 48 opening from the lower edge of the shaft'o ening 9 in the side plate and emptying into 51 the oil sump below the flange 24, the oil returning by gravity since the port 48'is in conimunication with the atmospheric port 31 through the space between the shaft and the edge of the side plate and the pressure theree upper'portion of 1 in is consequently equal to the atmospheric pressure maintained in the sump.

Attention is also called to the fact that vacuum existing in the crank -case cannot siphon oil from the sump through the port 48 since the vacuum is broken by the atmospheric port 31, nor can pressures be built up in the sump due to compression leaking past the packing as such leaking takes place directly to atmosphere through the port 31.

N or can difierential. pressures which may leak through the packing affect the lubricatto atmosphere through the port 31 before the leaking can enter the bearing.

The crankopening, as before mentioned, is outwardly tapered so that oil from the bearing coming in contact with the packing ring and any oil leaking past the packing from the crank case, will readily drain back into the sump. The acking ring may also be tapered towards t e crank to direct surplus oil away from the contact point of the packing ring with the race.

IVhat I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. In combination with a case having a shaft opening and a rotatableshaft projecting through the opening, a bearing for the shaft attached to the case in line with and coveringthe opening, means sealing the opening about the shaft, andeans communicating the opening with tmosphere between said sealing means and the bearing having suflicient capacity to allow escape of leakage past the sealing means to atmosphere for preventing breathing through the bearing.

2. In combination with a case having a shaft bearing and a shaft rotatably mounted therein, means for sealing the bearing from the interior of the case, and meanswhereby differential pressures in the case exhaust to atmosphere between the bearing and the sealing means. e j

3. In combination with the crank case of a two cycle engine, a crank shaft, a bearing for the crank-shaft comprising a lower portion projecting exteriorly of the crank case and a cap portion spaced from the crank case to provide an air port, and means sealing the crank case about the crank shaft adjacent the bearing.

for maintaining atmospheric pressures at the ends of the bearing.

5. In combination with a case containing other than atmospheric pressures and haying a shaft opening, a bearing in communication with the opening, a shaft rotatably mounted in the bearing, a packing ring on the shaft, covering the opening and rotatably engaging the case to close communication with the bearing. an oil sump for the bearing,- means connecting the sump with the shaft opening, and means between the oil sump and the case for admitting atmospheric pressures into the bearing. i

6. In combination with a case having other externally mounted on the case and having communication with the case, a shaft rotatably mounted in the bearing, a packing ring on the shaft rotatably engaging the case and closing communication between the bearing and the interior of the case, a supplemental ring in the' packing ring and engaging the case for controlling a lubricant, means yieldingly-retaining the ring in functional position, and means for maintaining atmospheric pressures at the exterior ends of the bearing.

7 In combination with a case having other than atmospheric pressures, and a shaft extending through the case, a bearing for the shaft comprising a lower portion integrally projecting from the case, and a cap portion spaced-from the case to provide an outlet for leakage about the shaft to prevent the leakage from passing through the bearing.

8.- In combination with a caseand a shaft projecting through the case, a bearing for the shaft extending from the case and having an arcuate shaped port adjacent the case c mmunicating the interior of the bearing with atmosphere. 1

\9. In combination with a case havin 'a shaft receiving opening and having di erential pressures, and a shaft projecting throu h the openingof smaller diameter than t e. opening to provide an annular space about the shaft, means within the case closing ofi the annular space from the interior of the case, a bearing for the case in com- SAMUEL B. GOLD.

4. In combination witha case having other than atmospheric pressures, a shaft bearin extending integrally from thecase, a cran shaft rotatably mounted in the bearing, pack-. ing on the shaft closing communication between the bearing and the ease, and means munication with the annular space having an arcuate port communicating with the an-' 

